Nasa Tul: An indigenous perspective…
Recently, I had the opportunity to collaborate with Colombian biologist and researcher Lucía Vásquez Celis on a booklet about the Tul, or Nasa Tul, for Colombia’s Land Restitution Home » Blog » Nasa Tul: An indigenous perspective on agriculture from Colombia Open Learning Sessions at the farm Nasa Tul: An indigenous perspective on agriculture from Colombia September 2026 · Anshul Aggarwal Recently, I had the opportunity to collaborate with Colombian biologist and researcher Lucía Vásquez Celis on a booklet about the Tul, or Nasa Tul, for Colombia’s Land Restitution Unit. Lucía has many years of experience engaging with the Indigenous peoples of Colombia and their territorial processes. The Nasa are one of Colombia’s many Indigenous communities. Their ancestral territories are located primarily in Cauca, in southwestern Colombia. They have their own language, Nasa Yuwe, systems of community government, spiritual authorities and collective territories known as resguardos. The Nasa have endured colonisation, displacement, armed conflict and continued appropriation of their lands. In response, they have developed strong movements for cultural survival, territorial recovery and political autonomy. Their collective organisation is guided by four closely connected principles: unity, land, culture and autonomy. You can access the document here: Español (original) / English (translation) For the Nasa, territory is far more than the area of land they inhabit. It is a living space where community, nature, ancestors, spirituality and collective memory come together. Defending the territory therefore means defending a way of life. Agriculture forms an important part of this way of life through a system known as the Tul. The Tul is a space where food and medicinal plants are cultivated, seeds are conserved and knowledge is passed between generations. The booklet describes it as a weave (tejido) of the Earth, made with food, medicinal and spiritual plants. Trees, crops, animals, people, water and the other beings of the territory all participate in this weave. The land provides food, medicine, water and shelter, while people carry responsibilities towards the land. Foundations and Principles of the Tul The Nasa people of Cauca, Colombia The foundations of the Tul lie in the Nasa worldview and their collective life. The Nasa understand life through relationships among different worlds, beings and spiritual forces. At the centre of this worldview is Wét wét Fxi’ze nxi (pronounced Wet wet fyee-eh-zeh n-yee), which can be translated as living in harmony, closely related to the broader Latin American concept of Buen Vivir. Harmony here emphasises the continuous work of bringing the individual, community, territory and other beings of nature into a balanced relationship. Another important idea for the Nasa is sentipensar: feeling-thinking. It questions the separation of thought and feeling, recognising that knowledge arises through the body, land, memory, emotion and collective experience. This worldview takes collective form through the Nasa life plans. These are community processes through which people decide how they will live together, care for their territory and exercise autonomy. They are based on spirituality, respect for Mama Kiwe or Mother Earth, reciprocity and participation. And these foundations become a lived practice through the Tul. Forests, mountains, wild animals, rivers, lagoons and springs are recognised as sources of life that require care and respect. Water is sacred because life emerges from it. The Tul also expresses the Nasa relationship with Mother Earth. The Nasa understand themselves as her children: the Earth gives them life and food, and when they die, they return to her. Caring for the territory therefore includes allowing some areas to rest, protecting water sources and defending the land from activities that cause ecological and social harm. Nasa women play an important role in this work as caretakers of territory and weavers of life. The Nasa people of Cauca, Colombia Community is equally important to the Tul. Work is often carried out collectively through minga, a traditional form of community work among Indigenous peoples of the Andes. People come together to undertake work that benefits a family, the community or the territory, including planting, harvesting, building, repairing paths and caring for water sources. More than shared labour, minga is a space for exchanging knowledge, making collective decisions, sharing food and strengthening relationships. It is based on reciprocity: people offer their time and effort knowing that others will support them when needed. Through the Saakhelu ceremony, people give thanks to Mother Earth, honour the sun, moon and animals, and awaken conserved seeds through dance, music and medicinal plants. The Tul is also a place of education. Children learn through participation: by planting, harvesting, caring for seeds, sharing food, speaking their language and observing how their parents and elders relate to the Earth. In this way, the Tul carries Nasa knowledge and culture from one generation to the next. The Tul is therefore much more than farming. It is an entire system of life rooted in territory and shaped by the principles of unity, land, culture and autonomy. Tul as an ancestral medicine system integrates both forests and agriculture A dialogue with Integral Yoga In my contribution to this document, I brought the Tul into dialogue with ideas from Integral Yoga. Both hold unique worldviews, and yet both open important questions about the unity of life and the place of the human being within it. Sri Aurobindo, drawing from the Upanishads, writes that all matter is food and that the eater is, in turn, eaten. Food can therefore be understood as part of a continuous exchange of matter, energy and life. Every being is nourished by other beings and eventually becomes nourishment itself. Agriculture makes this relationship tangible. The farmer offers the labour and capacities of the body to the land. The land offers its body for the growth of food. Food offers itself to nourish another body. Agriculture connects land, farmer, food and community through an ongoing movement of giving and receiving. And from this point of view, the farmer does more than just grow food; the farmer also becomes food. Our attention, time, strength, knowledge and care enter the land and
Consciousness in Agricultural Systems
The conversation about what makes “good food” is evolving rapidly as we become aware of different aspects and relationships of agricultural systems. We of course know of the ecological impacts of farming (the industrial way of farming which is prevalent today)- loss of forest cover, loss of biodiversity, greenhouse gas emissions, pollution of soil, water, air and so on Home » Blog » Consciousness in Agricultural Systems Consciousness in Agricultural Systems September 2026 · Anshul Aggarwal The conversation about what makes “good food” is evolving rapidly as we become aware of different aspects and relationships of agricultural systems. We of course know of the ecological impacts of farming (the industrial way of farming which is prevalent today)- loss of forest cover, loss of biodiversity, greenhouse gas emissions, pollution of soil, water, air and so on. To address these concerns metrics like food miles and carbon and water footprint of food have come up. There is an assumption here that “organic” or “regenerative” labels are intrinsically faring better on these metrics. But organic and regenerative too have become market labels and part of the large industrial agricultural system, and therefore not necessarily always good for ecology or people. Then, there are social implications of agriculture–exploitation of communities and labour caused by large food conglomerates. The criticism of the ‘big food’ industry has led us to a better understanding of the global implications of trade in food systems. And that has given us the ideas of local, small-scale, fair trade etc. For animal agriculture, there are certifications and standards of pasture-raised, free-range, humane treatment and so on. If you are a farmer and somehow you are looking at all these aspects, you are probably doing the best that you can. But is that enough? In Indian metaphysics, particularly in the Upanishadic tradition, food, body, mind and life-force are understood as intimately connected. A passage in the Chandogya Upanishad illustrates this relationship through the gross and subtle aspects of nourishment (Lokeswarananda, 1998). That which is the subtlest part of curds rises when they are churned and becomes butter. In the same manner, that which is the subtlest part of the food that is eaten rises and becomes mind. The subtlest part of the water that is drunk, rises and becomes prana. The subtlest part of the fire that is eaten rises and becomes speech. (6.5.1-4) In the Vedic tradition, food is associated with matter. Annam is both food and matter. In fact, food is kind of a bridge between the material and spiritual worlds. The rituals of the Vedic tradition are rituals of consummation of these two worlds, mediated by offerings of food. The idea of food as energy continues into the Indian Upanishadic tradition as well. As Sri Aurobindo notes in the Life Divine (2005), “All Matter according to the Upanishads is food, and this is the formula of the material world that ‘the eater eating is himself eaten’” (p. 204). Therefore in the spiritual traditions, food has been not only an object of sustenance but also contemplation, a vehicle of energy- both gross and subtle. The relationship between matter and consciousness finds a very precise articulation in the Integral Yoga philosophy of Sri Aurobindo. For him, this relationship between matter and consciousness directly implies that evolution of matter is linked to evolution of consciousness. Thus, material reality changes, as consciousness evolves–material reality can be changed when consciousness evolves. So, can food be made better by evolving consciousness? How? What is the implication of consciousness on the food that we grow and consume? And before all that, what is consciousness in food? What is consciousness at all? For me, these are the most exciting questions in agriculture today and many are waking up to a hidden dimension of our life, and our agricultural systems that lie at the foundation of who we are, and how we have created this world. Surprisingly (at least for me), some of these questions have been taken up by the United Nations Development Programme through their initiative– Conscious Food Systems Alliance (CoFSA). CoFSA describes consciousness as awareness of the inner and outer phenomena that shape how we relate to ourselves, to one another, to Nature and to future generations. Their focus is on how inner dimensions of people and the institutions they build impact agriculture, and vice versa. The Case Study Collection, Volume 2, published in 2026 by CoFSA brings together nineteen initiatives from different parts of the world. They range from farms and fishing communities to schools, universities, cooperatives, public institutions and global movements. Some use meditation or reflective dialogue explicitly. In others, consciousness is present through cultural memory, spiritual practice, deep listening, shared responsibility or a renewed experience of interdependence. They all show that inner change is beginning to be understood as part of the practical work of transforming food systems and that there is greater acknowledgement for this missing dimension in our food systems. AuroOrchard in Auroville features as the opening case study of this volume. You can access the full volume here. Cultivating food and the person The first group of cases focuses on food production. I share my understanding of an integral view of agriculture which includes the dimensions of ecological, social, intellectual, spiritual and psychological practice. The framework invites attention to five interdependent dimensions of agricultural life – physical, vital, mental, spiritual and psychic – and to the tensions between them and how they are being explored at AuroOrchard in service to food production and a holistic community food system. The Islamic Farming initiative of Global One 2015 works with Muslim farming communities in Kenya, Ethiopia and Nigeria. Conservation practices such as composting, crop rotation and minimum tillage are connected with Qur’anic principles of trust, stewardship, prayer and charity. In Sri Lanka, Sarvodaya’s Awakening Through Natural Farming links chemical-free farming with mindful observation, self-reliance and community awakening. A farmer-to-farmer model helps people recover confidence in their own knowledge and in the biological processes of the farm. The rapid growth of
Puducherry Farmers Visit
On 9 September 2026, AuroOrchard welcomed more than 80 farmers from the Puducherry region. The visit was organised by the Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA), under the Department of Home » Blog » Puducherry Farmers Visit Puducherry Farmers Visit September 2026 · Anshul Aggarwal On 9 September 2026, AuroOrchard welcomed more than 80 farmers from the Puducherry region. The visit was organised by the Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA), under the Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of Puducherry, through the Farmer Information and Advisory Centres of Kalapet and Thavalakuppam. The farmers were interested in how different activities like vegetable cultivation, fruit orchards, seed saving, nursery production, poultry, food processing, water management, research, education, and distribution are organised, how they support each other, and how the farm manages production across different crops and seasons. There was also interest in AuroOrchard’s experience of farming in red sandy soils and under conditions of intense heat, uncertain rainfall, water limitations, and increasing pressure from pests and other animals. We have always intended for the knowledge and practices developed on the farm to have relevance beyond its boundaries. Ecological farming cannot remain theoretical or be possible only under privileged conditions. It must engage with the realities of the millions of farmers across India and the world who cultivate under constraints of land, water, labour, rising costs, uncertain markets, and a changing climate. The visit was an affirmation of this intention and allowed us to share our struggles and challenges too, which only other farmers can understand fully. We are also excited about the future possibilities of such engagements. Farmers throughout the Puducherry and Auroville bioregion carry extensive knowledge developed through generations of working with local land, crops, and seasons. Their observations, questions, and practical experience can deepen and challenge our own understanding. Building closer relationships with neighbouring farmers is therefore as much an opportunity for AuroOrchard to learn and participate in building a stronger and more resilient regional agriculture. On 9 September 2026, AuroOrchard welcomed more than 80 farmers from the Puducherry region to learn and share. The visit was an affirmation of our intention for the knowledge and practices developed on the farm to have relevance beyond its boundaries and an opportunity to learn and participate in building a stronger regional agriculture. Previous ArticleNext Article Featured Articles Consciousness in Agricultural Systems 23 Sep 2026 Remembering the Beginnings… 27 Aug 2026 Consciousness in Agricultural Systems 23 Sep 2026 Open Learning Sessions at the farm 23 Sep 2026
Monthly Updatesㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ
They are now drinking lemon juice from the farm and occasionally some buttermilk to keep cool. The Humane Home » Blog » Monthly Updates Monthly Updates August 2026 · AuroOrchard Poultry Our seventh flock has arrived, and the sixth flock has moved to the laying coop. Only two flocks are currently producing eggs, and we are facing a significant shortage. The sixth flock should begin laying soon, so we are looking forward to an improvement in about a month. Planning these transitions around changes in egg consumption remains a challenge, as the limited availability of chicks makes it difficult to bring in new flocks exactly when needed. We are also exploring additional feed options, including leftover vegetables and fruit, cereal grasses grown in hydroponic systems, and black soldier fly larvae. Vegetable garden Most of the sunnhemp has been cut down, and new brinjal and ladies’ fingers have been planted. We have also planted groundnut for the first time in eight years and are looking forward to seeing how it turns out! We are expanding our sweet potato planting, while the long beans and rosella are doing well. Quite a bit of pumpkin has gone into the ground too, and we hope to get a good crop before the monsoon Orchards There has been plenty of pruning, composting and mulching this month. The syntropic jackfruit and avocado orchards are coming along well. It is wonderful to see the diversity of plants growing together and the changes already visible in the soil. After pruning many mango trees last month, we have now organised the branches and are preparing to plant new mango trees next month as part of the mango conservation project. After losing all our papayas to a virus earlier this year, we have finally planted a new crop. We are hoping for a good harvest in April-May, and that there are no major cyclones. Seeds & Nursery Things are looking better in the nursery now, with everything under cages and mosquito nets! We are considering expanding the nursery to accommodate the growing need for plants for the farm and the community. We have started winged beans, palak and more basil, while taking a break from sowing long beans, cucumber and pumpkin until December. Abundance We continue to maintain stocks of our regular products—summer blend, pesto, turmeric lemon syrup, kombucha and herbal powders. We are also harvesting red chillies for drying. Every Monday afternoon, we work with the YouthLink team to develop new recipes and replenish stocks of some products. These afternoons are open to volunteers and Aurovilians interested in exploring how best to use and preserve Auroville-grown food. We are grateful to Solar Kitchen and Pour Tous DC for proactively prioritising vegetables and fruits grown on Auroville’s farms. Our thanks also to Taste of Korea for a large batch of delicious long bean kimchi! Research & Education September was busy with learning sessions, visits and tours, including a visit by more than 80 farmers from Puducherry. We have a three-day natural beekeeping workshop coming up this weekend and are exploring further learning opportunities around bees and biodiversity on the farm. We harvested the first compost pile from EcoPro’s sludge compost experiment-it is black gold! The first harvests of beans and ladies’ fingers from the Shumei Natural Farming experiment plots are also encouraging. We will continue these experiments after the monsoon, with more planning and over a larger area. We are grateful for the growing community of people interested in agriculture and AuroOrchard’s work. Poultry Egg consumption has again increased in Auroville after the summer. However, our production is now less as we say goodbye to our oldest flock and prepare to shift the youngest flock to the laying coop. Birds in general are doing much better due to better weather and more greens in the free-range after the rains. We will soon be welcoming day-old chicks in our nursery coop. Vegetable garden Happy to receive the rains after a lot of anticipation. Due to extreme heat, vegetable production was not good this season. Many things that were planted simply died due to heat, and lack of moisture in the soil and air. Since the rains, we have planted more beans, brinjal, pumpkin, ladies fingers, sweet potatoes and groundnut! We are planting groundnuts after 8 years on the farm. Herbs continue to be planted in the greenhouse, and we are also starting winter beans like winged beans. Now we begin to reduce vegetable planting in anticipation of the winter monsoon starting in two months. Orchards Finally, we managed to plant lime, papaya, rosella, pineapple- all of which were pending due to the absence of rains. We have established these new clusters in the mango orchard. Our current lime trees are about 40 years old and will reduce/stop producing in the next 3 to 5 years. By then these new trees should start producing. After the massive loss of Papaya trees due to the viral infection last year, we are hoping to have good harvests post-monsoon next year. Our team continues to prune and mulch the existing orchards and we are preparing to plant some native mango varieties in the mango orchard soon. Seeds & Nursery The nursery work is much better now with cages and mosquito nets. The pressure from squirrels and rats is intense and even a single box left unprotected is damaged overnight. Meanwhile, we managed to plant a lot of things from the nursery post-rains, and our wonderful team completed around 30 large nursery orders from our community! We continue to sow, transplant and start tree saplings now in preparation for winter monsoon. Abundance As we have crossed the busy fruit season, we now have more time to organise our stock, focus on abundant vegetables, herbs and greens. At the moment, we are busy processing Pomelos, Lime, Avocados, and leaves of Rosella and Moringa. There has been a growing demand for farm products from other locations in Tamil Nadu, especially Thiruvanamalai, Chennai and even Bangalore. We are
Soil Test Experimentsㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ
In this report, I share about the soil testing researches and experiments I made while I was volunteering at the farm. I wanted to know more about its components and how it allowed food to grow. Home » Blog » Soil Test Experiments Soil Test Experiments August 2026 · Célia Rouxel In this report, I share about the soil testing researches and experiments I made while I was volunteering at the farm. I wanted to know more about its components and how it allowed food to grow. Some of the resources I used to understand soil and soil testing : 1.“Agriculture in Victoria, Australia” sampling video Soil testing in fields requires a soil corer of 10cm. Soil cannot be sampled around water troughs, gateways, within 4 meters of fence lines, near gullies, stock camps… For a field, it is recommended to determine a soil transect and take a sample every given number of meters according to the size of the transect and the number of samples needed. After using the soil corer, the soil has to be mixed and the greens, rocks and pebbles can be removed to obtain a uniform size soil. Then samples can be put in boxes and analysed. 2.“Soil testing at home” by the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture Use of soil corer/probe or spade but less accurate. The first step is to divide the landscape into sections based on the plants being grown and the visual performance of those plants. For example, if part of the home yard is growing more poorly than the other, these two areas should be sampled separately. Then, remove the organic matter from the soil surface and insert the soil probe. If using a spade, it is necessary to take a uniform depth and column shape. Soil nutrient concentrations are typically higher at the soil surface and decrease as you go down, so the use of the spade should be done very carefully. The ideal soil core depth will be dependent on what is growing in the soil. Collect the soil and repeat this 10 to 15 times in a zig-zag shape pattern across the landscape. For lawns and permanent landscaping, the soil sample core should be collected from the top 4 inches. For gardens and mature fruit trees, it would be 6 inches (15cm). Label the samples to not mix them up and to keep track of each area where they were collected. In the US, it is recommended to collect soil samples every 2 to 3 years, and taken at the same time each year. Always take samples before adding fertilizers or organic amendments. 3. https://indianfarmer.net/uploads/6_5_2021.pdfhttps://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/agri_soil_sampling.html What I did at the farm to sample soil : 4th June, 2026– 1st sample with Anshul : He took a clean glass jar and he went to a field, in the vegetable garden, recently ploughed to take the soil. He dug a little bit with a mumty and put some soil in the jar with his hand. He took the right amount according to him, just enough to fill half of the jar. While doing that, we observed life in the soil like a worm and tiny centipedes. The soil was humid. Then, Anshul added water in the jar and some natural soap in order to make the soil fully wet. In fact, he told me that adding soap would help spread the water to every part of the soil and create different layers in the jar. I wondered if the soap disturbs the soil properties or not. 5th June, 2026 After 1 day, we can see a change in the jar. The layers are more obvious. Anshul explained to me how to analyze the different layers and depict their meaning. Jar after 1 day of mixing representing different layers There are different goals to soil sampling, we can either be interested in acknowledging the physical, biological or chemical elements of the soil. So, we can ask ourselves questions depending on what we want to analyze : PHYSICAL PART : What is the structure ? What is the form of that ? (example of the tree : it has a trunk and leaves..) BIOLOGICAL : How will the tree evolve? What will it become? What is going on inside it ? CHEMICAL : some chemical processes going on (carbon is going down..) For the physical part, we want to get to know the components of the soil. The soil is coming from stones or all the rocks that are on the surface of this planet that got eroded by the action of wind and water, they start chipping. So the soil starts taking a little bit of these stones and all the sediments. Because the particles from the rocks for example start dissolving in the water and then they deposit somewhere so it becomes soil. The main components of soil include mineral particles, organic matter, water, and air. The balance between these components determines how well the soil can support plant life and retain nutrients. According to that, mineral particles that come from the weathering (altération) of rocks form the largest portion of the soil. These particles vary in size. The biggest particle that we can find in the soil is sand. Then we have silt and then clay which is the smallest particle. Different combinations of these particles create different soil types. In the first sample: Bottom layer : dark color that has settled down = SAND > it’s the biggest particle, it’s more heavy so it sinks to the bottom Lighter layer above it : it is SILT : a dust-like sediment that water, ice and wind transport and deposit, made up of rock and mineral particles that are larger than clay but smaller than sand. The very thin one above is CLAY What is floating on top is the organic matter : whatever gets mixed in the soil. Also, sand being the biggest particle, makes it
Conscious Technology…ㅤㅤㅤ
Flow meters that were already installed and became defunct after the land exchange have been revived. In the mango orchard and lemon orchard, they measure the amount of water used for irrigation and help us understand ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ Home » Blog » conscious-technology-project-update Conscious Technology Project Update August 2026 · Azhaganandan Veerappan, Anshul Aggarwal Technology, particularly Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things, is rapidly transforming agriculture across the world. Some visions of the future imagine farms where machines replace most forms of human labour. While automation can offer significant benefits, it also raises important questions: What happens when agriculture becomes increasingly mechanised? What is the place of the farmer? Can technology deepen our relationship with the land, or does it risk distancing us further from it? We are exploring an approach of technology at a human scale. Through the AuroOrchard Conscious Technology Lab, we are experimenting with ways in which technology can support farmers without displacing them, reduce repetitive labour without removing human attention, and contribute to both ecological stewardship and conscious evolution. The first phase of the project, supported by a grant from the Dutch foundation Stichting De Zaaier, began with one of the farm’s most essential and demanding areas of work: water management. Irrigation requires regular monitoring of pumps, tanks, pipelines and different cultivation areas. It is also an area where small inefficiencies can result in significant water loss. Between February and May 2026, the Lab began establishing an interconnected system for automating irrigation and collecting data about how water moves through the farm. One of the first steps was automating the main irrigation sump. Previously, the three-phase pump had to be started and stopped manually. A float sensor and controller now detect the water level: when the sump is empty, the motor starts automatically, and when it is full, the motor stops. The cabling has been placed underground in protected casing and connected to a new control panel. A similar system has been installed for the overhead water tank, preventing overflow and reducing the need for constant manual intervention. Water meter and automation for drinking water tanks These are simple changes and very simple technologies that have been available for a long time,, but they already reduce repetitive work, improve reliability, prevent dry running of motors and minimise water wastage. More importantly, they allow the farm team to direct its time and attention towards work that requires observation, judgment and care. The Lab has also installed and configured a LoRaWAN gateway. LoRa is a low-power, long-range communication system that allows sensors distributed across the farm to transmit information to one central platform. The gateway now receives data from the connected flow meters and sensors, creating the basic infrastructure for farm-wide monitoring. LoRaWAN gateway installed on the volunteer accommodation structure Flow meters that were already installed and became defunct after the land exchange have been revived. In the mango orchard and lemon orchard, they measure the amount of water used for irrigation and help us understand consumption patterns over time. Another meter monitors irrigation in the banana beds at Hope, where the data can help prevent over-irrigation. A DN20 flow meter has also been installed on the overhead tank to track drinking-water use and daily distribution patterns. Flow meters re-installed after land exchange- Hope, Lemon Orchard and Mango Orchard Alongside water-flow monitoring, a soil sensor has been installed to measure moisture, temperature and electrical conductivity. These measurements can help us move beyond irrigation based only on fixed schedules. Over time, we hope to better understand what the soil and plants actually require under changing weather and seasonal conditions. The sensor and flow-meter data are being brought together through a cloud-based dashboard, currently under development, which offers a real-time view of conditions across the farm. All this data is being put up on this dashboard which is still under construction: https://auroorchard-dashboard.netlify.app/ A screenshot of the dashboard The next phase will focus on making this system more responsive. We plan to refine the soil-moisture sensor design, improve how the data is displayed, and develop valve and motor logic that can switch irrigation on or off in response to field conditions. We will also work on greenhouse irrigation calculations and conduct practical experiments to understand where automation is genuinely useful and where the farmer’s direct presence remains essential. As the project develops, we hope to host workshops and training sessions where farmers, technologists and community members can learn from the systems, question them and reflect together on the relationship between ecology, technology and consciousness. Previous ArticleNext Article Featured Articles Words of appreciation…ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ 27 Aug 2026 Monthly Updatesㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ 26 Aug 2026 Words of appreciation…ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ 27 Aug 2026 Words of appreciation…ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ 26 Aug 2026
Dry Tropical Syntropic Agroforestry
We get asked this question quite a lot! As Permaculture becomes more and more popular and perhaps projected as a wonderful solution for diversity and abundance, it is a general perception that “being a Permaculture farm” is the next big innovation in farming. ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ Home » Blog » Dry Tropical Syntropic Agroforestry Dry Tropical Syntropic Agroforestry July 2026 · Anshul Aggarwal Since 2023, we have been experimenting with syntropic agroforestry in different parts of AuroOrchard. This work is part of our wider effort to develop integrated perennial horticulture across the farm through new orchards,⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ The human relationship with productive forests is older than settled agriculture. Archaeological research shows that hunter-gatherers were actively shaping tropical forest ecologies tens of thousands of years ago through burning, plant movement, selective protection and the concentration of useful species. It would be inaccurate to describe all these practices as agroforestry in the present technical sense. Still, they show that humans were managing trees, plants and forest mosaics for food long before fields of domesticated crops became the basis of settled societies. Many Indigenous and traditional systems continue this long history: home gardens, forest gardens, shifting cultivation, mixed orchards, trees maintained within crop fields and animals grazing beneath tree cover. Modern agroforestry has organised these diverse practices into a recognised field of farming and research, but it did not invent the idea of cultivating with trees. Today, the Food and Agriculture Organization defines agroforestry as the deliberate integration of woody plants—trees, palms, shrubs or bamboo—with crops or animals, arranged together in space or through time. While the term is relatively modern, the practice of growing food within wooded landscapes is very old. Syntropic agriculture, also described as successional agroforestry, is a more recent approach within agroforestry, developed through the work of Swiss farmer and researcher Ernst Götsch.Götsch began field experiments in Europe during the 1970s and later continued his work in Costa Rica and Brazil. After settling in Bahia in the early 1980s, he developed cacao-based systems that combined food crops, fruit trees, service plants and longer-lived forest species. His work gradually became known as syntropic agriculture. In Götsch’s use of the word, syntropy refers to the capacity of living systems to generate increasing organisation, differentiation and complexity. We can create syntropy by understanding how plants can be arranged and managed so that each stage helps create the conditions for the next. Syntropic agriculture uses familiar agroforestry elements—trees, crops, succession, ground cover and biomass—but gives particular attention to: the position of each plant within the vertical canopy; the stage of succession at which it belongs; its life cycle and productive period; its function within the whole system; and the timing of pruning, harvesting and removal. It is therefore more than planting many crops together. It is an actively managed process in which the farmer continually observes how the plants are interacting and changes the system as it develops. Some plants produce food. Others are planted mainly to provide temporary shade, occupy space, protect the soil or generate biomass. Some remain for only a few months. Others become part of the permanent orchard. Designing in space and time A syntropic field is planned with two important considerations. The first is space. Plants are arranged according to the amount of light they require and the height they may eventually occupy. A coconut, avocado, papaya, pineapple and sweet potato use different parts of the vertical space. The second is time. Plants are arranged according to their life cycles and their place in the development of the system. Maize, pumpkin, watermelon and rosella may occupy the first few months. Papaya, moringa and lemongrass may remain for several years. Avocado, jackfruit, citrus and cacao form the longer-term orchard. The first appearance of the field is therefore not its final form. Short-lived plants are harvested. Support plants are pruned repeatedly. Some trees are eventually removed as the main fruit crops require more light and space. A papaya, for example, may protect a young avocado from direct summer sun and produce fruit during the first few years. As the avocado develops, the papaya may need to be cut back or removed. Its role was to help establish the next stage of the system. This combination of vertical stratification, different life cycles and planned succession is central to the design. The Syntropic Trend and the Gap Syntropic agriculture is now being explored in different forms and at very different scales. Its best-known examples are tropical cacao, coffee and fruit systems in Latin America, but the approach has also been adapted to market gardens, school gardens, Mediterranean orchards, temperate fruit and nut systems, and larger experiments combining grains, grasses and rows of trees. Scientific research is also beginning to examine syntropic farming more closely. A 2025 review brought together 67 empirical studies. Most were from tropical countries, with almost three-quarters coming from Brazil and Bolivia. Only one study in the review came from Asia, from Yunnan in China; none of the studies listed were from India. The review found encouraging results in areas such as agrobiodiversity, nutritional diversity, soil fertility, carbon storage, water cycling and plant health. Productivity comparisons with other farming systems were mixed. It also identified considerable demands for labour, knowledge, tools and active management. There is, therefore, a growing body of conceptual writing, practitioner experience and scientific study. What we have found less readily available is open, detailed documentation from dry tropical farms showing actual field dimensions, species quantities, irrigation arrangements, planting chronology, pruning, survival and the changes made over several years. This is the context in which we place our work at AuroOrchard. AuroOrchard has sandy soil, intense summer heat and long periods without significant rain. Young fruit trees require irrigation during establishment, and the plants grown for shade and biomass draw from the same limited water. These conditions shape decisions about density, spacing, species, succession and pruning. Through our trials, we hope to develop and share some practical examples of dry tropical syntropic agroforestry. Design Process Before planting, we
Monthly Updatesㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ
They are now drinking lemon juice from the farm and occasionally some buttermilk to keep cool. The Humane Home » Blog » Monthly Updates Monthly Updates August 2026 · AuroOrchard Poultry Egg consumption has again increased in Auroville after the summer. However, our production is now less as we say goodbye to our oldest flock and prepare to shift the youngest flock to the laying coop. Birds in general are doing much better due to better weather and more greens in the free-range after the rains. We will soon be welcoming day-old chicks in our nursery coop. Vegetable garden Happy to receive the rains after a lot of anticipation. Due to extreme heat, vegetable production was not good this season. Many things that were planted simply died due to heat, and lack of moisture in the soil and air. Since the rains, we have planted more beans, brinjal, pumpkin, ladies fingers, sweet potatoes and groundnut! We are planting groundnuts after 8 years on the farm. Herbs continue to be planted in the greenhouse, and we are also starting winter beans like winged beans. Now we begin to reduce vegetable planting in anticipation of the winter monsoon starting in two months. Orchards Finally, we managed to plant lime, papaya, rosella, pineapple- all of which were pending due to the absence of rains. We have established these new clusters in the mango orchard. Our current lime trees are about 40 years old and will reduce/stop producing in the next 3 to 5 years. By then these new trees should start producing. After the massive loss of Papaya trees due to the viral infection last year, we are hoping to have good harvests post-monsoon next year. Our team continues to prune and mulch the existing orchards and we are preparing to plant some native mango varieties in the mango orchard soon. Seeds & Nursery The nursery work is much better now with cages and mosquito nets. The pressure from squirrels and rats is intense and even a single box left unprotected is damaged overnight. Meanwhile, we managed to plant a lot of things from the nursery post-rains, and our wonderful team completed around 30 large nursery orders from our community! We continue to sow, transplant and start tree saplings now in preparation for winter monsoon. Abundance As we have crossed the busy fruit season, we now have more time to organise our stock, focus on abundant vegetables, herbs and greens. At the moment, we are busy processing Pomelos, Lime, Avocados, and leaves of Rosella and Moringa. There has been a growing demand for farm products from other locations in Tamil Nadu, especially Thiruvanamalai, Chennai and even Bangalore. We are soon launching our new labels that will allow us to distribute these products beyond Auroville. Research & Education This month we hosted a 3 day course on learning from the land in collaboration with Deepika and Bernard from Pebble Garden. The course was attended by 13 people of different ages and backgrounds. It was heartening to see the interest and curiosity of the participants affirming the need for sharing more of what we do. Weekly open sessions have also been regularly conducted, the last one being on mapping biodiversity at the farm launching a new research project on the farm to assess the impacts of climate change on agriculture in Auroville region and how the practices at AuroOrchard could respond to these challenge Poultry The summer has been tough on the birds. We somehow managed with lime water and buttermilk but clearly the heat was a big stress for the birds. We are now installing large exhaust fans in the coops, to help with ventilation and some temperature regulation. In the last months, we also started working with Egle at Aurora to process the chicken meat into forms that are easily usable by people since the meat from older free-range chickens is tougher and cannot be used like the tender broiler meat that is available in the market. Also grateful to the Auroville Bakery for receiving AuroOrchard eggs during summer when the consumption in Auroville was very low. Vegetable garden Through the summer, we have been harvesting Brinjal, Lady’s fingers, Cucumber, Cluster beans, some pumpkin, Drumsticks, spinach of different kinds. Most beds are under Sunnhemp which is now being cut and left on the bed. As we enter the Aadi Maasam, planting has intensified. Soon, we will be planting Sweet Potato, Tapioca, Peanut among the usual vegetable crops. Grateful to all the long term and day volunteers who have helped tend the garden even under the scorching sun Orchards The last months have been overwhelmingly busy with the mango harvests, collecting, storing, sorting, and distributing. This season has also been exceptionally good for Jackfruit and we distributed about 6 tonnes of Jackfruit within the community. We have also had good Pomelo and Lime harvests. The much anticipated Avocados harvests have also started and we are expecting a good season. For the young orchards, we have been pruning, composting, and mulching. We have a wonderful new team which is paying more attention to the details, and helping in developing our new orchards for the years to come. Seeds & Nursery We have extended some parts of the nursery to accommodate the growing number of saplings that we make now. As we bring newer areas under cultivation, and add more diversity, the nursery is becoming more busy and dynamic than before. We also have a new team member, Usha, who brings a lot of dedication to this work. Despite our best efforts, we are still losing a lot of our saplings to rodents, squirrels, rabbits, etc. There is almost 50% loss every morning. We have managed to prevent some of it with meshes and mosquito nets. However, it does bring up the question of the increasing conflict between human and nature in our agricultural systems. Abundance This has been the busiest time for our Abundance team since last year. The team has been completely occupied
Nutrition comparison of AuroOrchard eggs with…
There are many assumptions around organic food, ethical food, farm eggs and free-range eggs. It is generally believed that these labels must also⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ Home » Blog » Nutrition comparison of AuroOrchard eggs with other eggs in the marketㅤㅤㅤ Nutrition comparison of AuroOrchard eggs with other eggs in the marketㅤㅤㅤ July 2026 · Anshul Aggarwal There are many assumptions around organic food, ethical food, farm eggs and free-range eggs. It is generally believed that these labels must also indicate better nutritional quality. The converse is also common- if the nutrition is the same across different kinds of produce, why pay more for organic food or free-range eggs? We have been actively participating in these conversations for the last few years. We feel that one useful way to understand this is through nutritional testing and comparison. While a one-off test cannot serve as an absolute reference, individual tests can begin to show us a pattern and add more information to the discussion. Food composition varies according to the season, feed, age of the birds and other conditions. Any meaningful comparison would require regular and repeated testing. We also hope that sharing these results will create greater understanding and support for this work, and perhaps help us continue testing periodically, since comprehensive nutritional testing is expensive. After the work undertaken for our animal-welfare certification, and the many improvements made in our poultry system, we wanted to see how AuroOrchard eggs compared with the eggs that Aurovilians otherwise have access to. We sent three samples to Chennai Mettex Lab for comparative nutritional testing: white eggs purchased from Pour Tous Distribution Center; commercial brown eggs marketed as free-range, sold in packs of six and commonly available in stores in and around Auroville; AuroOrchard certified free-range eggs. The full test report can be found here.The following is a comparative summary of the results. All values are given per 100 g of edible egg, excluding the shell. Nutrient per 100 g Pondy White Pondy Brown AuroOrchard Energy 150.89 kcal 152.59 kcal 154 kcal Protein 13.04 g 13.13 g 13.74 g Total fat 10.61 g 10.71 g 10.62 g Saturated fat 3.96 g 3.96 g 3.87 g Carbohydrates 0.81 g 0.92 g 0.81 g Cholesterol 316 mg 273.3 mg 265.8 mg Sodium 120 mg 131 mg 115 mg Omega-3 fatty acids 158 mg 179 mg 196 mg Omega-6 fatty acids 1,183 mg 1,297 mg 1,151 mg Omega-6:omega-3 ratio 7.49:1 7.25:1 5.87:1 The differences in calories, carbohydrates and total fat are very small. All three eggs have broadly similar amounts of these nutrients. The clearer differences are in protein, omega-3, cholesterol and sodium. Among the samples tested, the AuroOrchard egg recorded: the highest protein; the highest omega-3; the lowest cholesterol; the lowest sodium; the lowest saturated fat; the lowest omega-6; the lowest omega-6-to-omega-3 ratio. The AuroOrchard sample contained around 5% more protein than the two Pondy eggs. Its omega-3 content was approximately 10% higher than the Pondy brown egg and 24% higher than the Pondy white egg. Its cholesterol was approximately 3% lower than the Pondy brown egg and 16% lower than the Pondy white egg. What does one egg contribute to our daily nutrition? The laboratory results are reported per 100 g, while an egg normally contains around 50 g of edible material. Egg sizes vary, so the following figures use 50 g as a simple illustration. For daily comparisons, we have used FSSAI’s reference values for an average adult diet: 2,000 kcal, 67 g total fat, 22 g saturated fat and 2,000 mg sodium. WHO describes approximately 50–75 g of protein as generally sufficient for an adult of healthy body weight consuming around 2,000 kcal. These are broad population references; an individual’s requirements depend on body size, activity, age and physiological condition. Approximate contribution from one 50 g egg Nutrient per 100 g Daily recommendation (FSSAI & WHO) Pondy White Pondy Brown AuroOrchard Energy 2,000 kcal/day 3.8% 3.8% 3.9% Protein 50–75 g/day 8.7–13.0% 8.8–13.1% 9.2–13.7% Total fat Up to 67 g/day 7.9% 8.0% 7.9% Saturated fat Up to 22 g/day 9.0% 9.0% 8.8% Sodium Less than 2,000 mg/day 3.0% 3.3% 2.9% The mid to late June showers bring some relief from the heat and life to the parched soil. During this time, we can start growing crops the same as Pin-Pani but also some other crops like cluster beans, flat beans etc.- its still a bit early for these crops but we can still do it. Of course, within this period falls the Aadi masam (mid-July) with heavy winds, when Papayas break and we have an abundance of green papayas in Auroville. Post-Aadi masam is really good for planting a diversity of crops. This is an interesting season because it is post-summer rain but it is not as cool as the post-monsoon season. So, it is in some ways similar to Pre-Summer and that is reflected in the kind of crops we can plant. We can start to grow some arugula in the shade, some greens, and prepare for planting yams and sweet potatoes. What can we conclude? Among the three samples tested, AuroOrchard eggs showed the strongest overall nutritional profile. It combined the highest protein and omega-3 results with the lowest cholesterol and sodium values. It also has a healthier omega-6 to omega-3 ratio. The test does give us some evidence towards how our attention to the birds, their outdoor access, fresh greens and the quality of their food is accompanied by a strong nutritional result in nutritional enhancement. We hope to repeat this testing periodically, across different seasons and flocks, so that we can understand how consistent these results are and how our farming practices influence the food we produce. Previous ArticleNext Article Featured Articles Words of appreciation…ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ 27 Aug 2026 Monthly Updatesㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ 26 Aug 2026 Words of appreciation…ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ 27 Aug 2026 Words of appreciation…ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ 26 Aug 2026
Natural Beekeeping and Apiary Project
In January 2026, Erik spent six days at MadhuSree Honeybee Farm in Kerala. The farm has over 45 years of experience and manages more than 2,000⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ Home » Blog » Natural Beekeeping and Apiary Project Natural Beekeeping and Apiary Project July 2026 · Erik Jansegers & Anshul Aggarwal Between August 2025 and April 2026, AuroOrchard’s natural beekeeping project made significant progress towards developing a larger, resilient apiary and creating opportunities for learning about bees and small-scale honey harvesting. The project began in August 2025 with two main aims: to gradually expand the farm’s apiary to 100 hives, with the possibility of eventually reaching 200, and to offer workshops for farmers, students and people interested in natural beekeeping. Learning from experienced beekeepers In January 2026, Erik spent six days at MadhuSree Honeybee Farm in Kerala. The farm has over 45 years of experience and manages more than 2,000 colonies of the Indian hive bee, Apis cerana, and the stingless bee, Tetragonula iridipennis. The visit offered valuable practical learning in hive design, colony management, honey production, multiplication of colonies and the organisation of a professional beekeeping operation. It also helped inform the next stage of hive development at AuroOrchard. New hives and growing colonies Almost 30 new hives have been made using three designs developed and adapted by Erik: One Kenyan top-bar hive Five Warré hives Twenty-two stingless bee boxes designed for honey production These designs build on research and experimentation at AuroOrchard since 2015, together with Erik’s earlier beekeeping experience in France. The dimensions, ventilation, entrances and internal organisation of the hives are designed around the needs of the bees and the conditions of our region. The stingless bee boxes include a separate honey chamber, allowing honey to be collected with minimal disturbance to the brood area. The number of Apis cerana colonies at the farm has increased from three in 2025 to seven. The number of stingless bee colonies has grown from around fifteen to more than forty. The colonies are healthy and developing well. We are currently placing particular emphasis on stingless bees, which have shown themselves to be highly resilient in our local conditions. Expanding the apiary In February, the existing roofed apiary structure was extended and an old shed was repaired. Together, these spaces can eventually shelter between 100 and 200 stingless bee colonies. Honey harvesting is expected to begin in January 2027, during the main flowering season from December to March. The coming months will continue to focus on strengthening the colonies, observing the new hive designs and improving them through experience. Sharing the learning On 18 April 2026, AuroOrchard hosted a new three-and-a-half-hour workshop titled “The Secret Life of Honeybees: An Introduction to Natural Beekeeping.” Twenty-five people participated in the workshop, which introduced the lives of honeybees, the differences between bee species, hive design and the principles of working with bees in a respectful and attentive way. The response was very positive and encouraging. Natural beekeeping has been an area of exploration at AuroOrchard for more than ten years. This project is helping us deepen that work, create a strong home for bees at the farm and share what we are learning with a wider community. Previous ArticleNext Article Featured Articles Remembering the Beginnings…ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ 27 Aug 2026 Monthly Updatesㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ 26 Aug 2026 Remembering the Beginnings…ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ 27 Aug 2026 Words of appreciation…ㅤㅤㅤㅤㅤ 26 Aug 2026
